Tropical diseases are prevalent or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. This comes of the insects such as mosquitoes and flies which are by far the most common disease carrier or "vector". They may carry bacteria, parasite or virus that is infectious to humans. The common transmission occurs by a bite. Although in Singapore these diseases are under strict control it is useful to have a basic knowledge about them.

Dengue fever

Dengue fever is acute febrile diseases, found in the tropics. The geographical spread is similar to malaria, but unlike malaria, dengue is widespread in urban areas of tropical nations. Unfortunately due to differences in the "virus" there is no cross-protection and epidemic outbreaks are often.

Dengue is transmitted to humans by the Aedes mosquito which feeds during the day.

Signs and symptoms

There is an incubation period of 3-14 days (usually about 4-7) between the bite from an infected mosquito and the onset of dengue symptoms. The onset of the disease is manifested by a sudden fever with severe headache, muscle and joint pains and rashes. The dengue rash is characteristically bright red small spots on the body, appearing first on the lower limbs and chest but spreads to cover the whole body. Other symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. Uncommon are bladder problems, persistent headache, dizziness and loss of appetite.

Some cases may develope very mild symptoms and dengue can be diagnosed as influenza and lead to spread of the disease by tropical travelers.

The classic dengue fever lass for 6 to 7 days. The end of the disease is marked by a peak of the fever.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of dengue is made clinically, If you have much of the above symptoms it is strongly recommended to seek the help of a physician

Treatment

Supportive treatment. Bed rest. Increased fluids intake. Fevre medications (Aspirin is NOT advisable - should you resort to it it is strongly recommended to consult a physician). Pain relief medications. Calamine lotion - to alleviate rashes.